Investor Education

European Investor Guides

Plain-English explanations of the tax rules that determine your actual returns as a European investor. No jargon, no financial advice — just the facts.

🇳🇱Netherlands

Dutch Box 3 Explained

Wealth tax on investments — how it works, acc vs dist, and what changes in 2028

Box 3Wealth TaxETF Investing

6 min readRead guide →

🇩🇪Germany

German Vorabpauschale 2026

The annual "pre-tax" on accumulating ETFs — what it is, how it is calculated, and how much you actually pay

VorabpauschaleETF TaxAccumulating

7 min readRead guide →

🇫🇷France

French PEA: Which ETFs Qualify?

The 75% EU rule, why IWDA and VWCE are blocked, and how to build a world portfolio inside the PEA

PEAETF EligibilityTax Wrapper

5 min readRead guide →

🇪🇺Europe-wide

Dividend Withholding Tax in Europe

Why ETF domicile matters, the two layers of WHT, and how much it actually costs you annually

Withholding TaxETF DomicileIreland

8 min readRead guide →

🏦Europe-wide

DEGIRO vs Trade Republic vs Scalable Capital

Costs, ETF selection, savings plans, securities lending, and tax reporting compared honestly

BrokersDEGIROTrade Republic

7 min readRead guide →

Guides produced for general information purposes only. Not personalised tax or investment advice. Tax rules change — verify current rates with your local tax authority or a qualified adviser. Full disclaimer →